The Union Cabinet has approved the government’s ‘one nation, one election‘ push – which proposes simultaneous Lok Sabha and Assembly elections, with urban body and panchayat polls to be held within the next 100 days – accepting the report of a panel led by ex-President Ram Nath Kovind.
“There is unanimous opinion simultaneous polls (beginning from 2029, sources told NDTV earlier) should be held,” the panel, which included Home Minister Amit Shah, Law Minister Arjun Ram Meghwal, as its members, had said. The panel also outlined provisions for a ‘unity government’ in cases of an indefinite result or a no-confidence motion; it had been tasked with recommending such solutions.
The ‘one nation, one election’ proposal was part of the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party’s manifesto for the 2019 and 2024 general elections, but has drawn heavy criticism from the opposition, who have red-flagged concerns over changes to the Constitution and practical challenges.
Sources within an undeterred government told NDTV last month the proposal would be implemented in this, the third, term of Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The PM tweeted shortly after the proposal was cleared, calling it “an important step to making our democracy even more vibrant and participative”.
However, making this a reality will require two-third of Parliament to side with the BJP, since the proposed system involves amending the Constitution at least six times.
The Cabinet has accepted the recommendations of the High-Level Committee on Simultaneous Elections. I compliment our former President, Shri Ram Nath Kovind Ji for spearheading this effort and consulting a wide range of stakeholders.
This is an important step towards making our…
— Narendra Modi (@narendramodi) September 18, 2024
The BJP-led centre has a simple majority in both Houses, but is short of that two-thirds mark – by 52 votes in the Rajya Sabha and 72 in the Lok Sabha. It then has to be ratified by all states and UTs.
What ‘One Nation, One Election’ Panel Said
Holding simultaneous poll will “transform the electoral process (and) governance” and “optimise scarce resources”, the high-profile panel said, noting 32 parties and prominent judicial figures, including former Supreme Court Chief Justices and High Court judges, had backed this measure.
Among the advantages listed for ‘one nation, one election’ are that it makes the electoral process easier for voters. Synchronising polls will also result in higher and faster economic growth, and therefore a more stable economy, the panel argued, claiming a single round of elections will allow businesses and corporate firms to take decisions without fear of adverse policy changes.
The panel has also reasoned that (eventually) holding elections at all three levels – for the Lok Sabha, for state Assemblies, and for panchayats – will “avoid disruption of supply chains and production cycles due to migrant workers seeking leave of absence to cast their votes”.
The ‘one nation, one election’ push will also “prevent policy paralysis”, and do away with the “atmosphere of uncertainty” due to frequent elections, he government argued.
What Government Said
Information and Broadcasting Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw has said the ‘one nation, one election’ system will be implemented in two phases, with a single list to identify eligible voters for all polls.
“We will start the discussion (on implementation) pan-India,” he told reporters, underlining that 80 per cent of respondents supported the ‘one nation, one election’ push during initial talks.
There is “widespread support” for this system, he said.
READ | On ‘One Nation, One Election’, BJP Says “Good For Growth”
Former Union Minister Anurag Thakur, in March, pointed out that before 1962 simultaneous elections were, in fact, the norm. This only changed after 1962, he told NDTV, “If some state elections are advanced or kept on hold, 10-15 polls can be held together… If we save this money India won’t have to wait for 2047, but will achieve its ‘Viksit Bharat‘ (developed India) dreams much before.”
Last year, before the Ram Nath Kovind-led panel was announced, the Law Minister outlined the government’s rationale and told Parliament simultaneous elections represent financial savings as it cuts down on multiple deployment of security forces, and also helps political parties save money.
What Opposition Said
However, 15 parties, including the Congress, have opposed the plan.
The Congress has said this proposal is “not pragmatic and practical”. Party boss Mallikarjun Kharge, while releasing the party’s manifesto for next month’s Haryana election, called it “an attempt to divert the attention of the public”. “This is not going to succeed… the people will not accept it.”
READ | Not Practical: 15 Parties Rubbish “One Nation, One Election” Plan
“When elections come, and they don’t have issues to raise, they divert attention…” Mr Kharge said.
Last week senior Congress leader P Chidambaram said the ‘one nation, one election’ system is not possible under the present Constitution, as it requires at least five constitutional amendments.
Other opposition parties, specifically those in the Congress-led INDIA bloc, including the Samajwadi Party, the Trinamool Congress, and the Aam Aadmi Party have also been critical of this measure.
In March, while releasing its manifesto for the Lok Sabha election, Tamil Nadu’s DMK vowed to scrap the ‘one nation, one election’ proposal if the INDIA bloc were to win the election. Two months earlier Trinamool leader and Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee called the proposal “a design to subvert the basic structure of the Constitution” and “(allow) autocracy (in) a democratic garb…”
READ | “2 Problems”: Mamata Banerjee Rejects ‘One Nation, One Election’
Also, regional parties had pointed out concerns that limited resources could hamper them in highlighting local issues to voters, particularly in the face of frenzy over national issues in a Lok Sabha election.
Another red flag was the cost of procuring EVMs, or electronic voting machines. This, the poll panel had said, would be around Rs 10,000 crore every 15 years.
What Is ‘One Nation, One Election’?
Simply put, it means all Indians will vote in Lok Sabha, Assembly, and local body elections – to pick central, state, and local representatives – in the same year, if not at the same time.
At present, only a few states vote for a new government at the same time as the country selects a new union administration. These few are Andhra Pradesh, Sikkim, and Odisha, all of which voted at the same time as the April-June Lok Sabha election.
NDTV Explains | ‘One Nation, One Election’. What Is It And How It Can Work
Haryana votes next month, with Jharkhand and Maharashtra also voting this year. Jammu and Kashmir is holding its first Assembly election in a decade.
The rest follow a non-synced five-year cycle; Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Telangana, for example, were among those voting at different times last year. And this has been flagged by the opposition, which has warned against cutting short the terms of the state’s respective governments.
Of these four, the BJP rules Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. The Congress rules Karnataka and Telangana, both of which voted last year and are not scheduled to vote again till 2028.
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